Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ). The disease progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system, making the sufferer vulnerable to opportunistic infections and tumors.
HIV is transmitted through direct mucosal or bloodstream contact with a body fluid containing the virus - blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk. While various AIDS and HIV therapies can slow the progression of the disease, there is still no vaccine or cure. Antiretroviral therapy reduces both mortality and morbidity in HIV infection , but the drugs required for it are expensive and, in many countries, difficult to access. Due to the difficulty of treating the infection, the main means of controlling the disease is to limit its spread. To this end, many health organizations promote safe sex and organize needle exchange programs.
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